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Tuesday, October 28, 2008
HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF GINGER TINCTURE B.P
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TO PRE[ARE 10 GMS OF COMPOUND RHUBARB POWDER
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TO PREPARE 10 GMS OF PRICKLY HEAT POWDER
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TO PREPARE 30 ML OF TURPENTINE LINIMENT I.P
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TO PREPARE 20 GMS OF O.R.S POWDER
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HOW TO PREPARE 20 ML OF STARCH MUCILAGE I.P
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- STARCH : 0.1 GMS
- PURIFIED WATER : 30.0 ML
THEORY:
STARCH IS SOMETIMES USED WITH OTHER SUSPENSING AGENT BECAUSE OF HIGH VISCOSITY OF ITS MUCILAGE. IT IS AN INGREDIENT OF COMPOUND TRAGACANTH POWDER & A MUCILAGE MAY BE USED WITH A SODIUM CARBOXY- METHYL CELLULOSE TO REPLACE COMPOUND TRAGACANTH POWDER IN THE BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CODEX MIXTURES OF SUCCINYL SULPHATHIAZOLE & SULPHADIMITIDINE FOR CHILDREN.
PROCEDURE:
MIX 5 GMS OF STARCH IN 50 ML OF WATER & STIR CONTINUOUSLY. ADD SUFFICIENT WATER TO PRODUCE 1000 ML. BOIL FOR A FEW MINUTES, COOL & FILTER.
CATEGORY:
PHARMACEUTICAL AID.
USE:
EMULSIFYING, SUSPENSING, BINDING AGENT & THICKENING AGENT.
STORAGE:
STORE IN A COOL & TIGHTLY CLOSED CONTAINER.
HOW TO PERPARE 30 ML OF BENZYL BENZOATE LOTION U.S.P
- BENZYL BENZOATE : 7.5 ML
- TRIETHANOLAMINE : 0.15 GM
- OLEIC ACID : 0.60 GM
- PURIFIED WATER : 0.9 GM
THEORY:
LOTIONS ARE USUALLY SOOTHING & ARE APPLIED GENTLY BY DABLING OR AFTER SPREADING ON A DRESSING. THEIR MAIN INGREDIENTS ARE SIMPLE SALTS SUCH AS COPPER, ZINC, SULPHATES & LEAD SUB ACETATE WHICH ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER OR SALICYLIC ACID FOR WHICH ALCHOHAL IS A SOLVENT. LEAD LOTIONS ARE TREATMENT FOR SPRAINS & BRUISHES. OTHER LOTIONS CONTAIN MEDICAMENTS FOR TREATING SKIN CONDITIONS. COPPER & ZINC SULPHATES ARE USED FOR IMPETIGO & SALICYLIC ACID FOR DANDRUFF.
PROCEDURE :
MIX THE TRIETHANOLAMINE WITH OLEIC ACID, ADD BENZYL BENZOATE & MIX & TRANSFER THE MIXTURE TO A SUITABLE CONTAINER TO ABOUT 2000 ML. ADD 250 ML OF PURIFIED WATER & SHAKE THE MIXTURE THOROUGHLY. FINALLY, ADD THE REMAINING PURIFIED WATER.
CATEGORY:
PHARMACEUTICAL AID.
USE:
AS PEDICULICIDE & IN THE TREATMENT OF SCABIES & Use of benzyl benzoate to obtain injection solutions of hormone preparations
STORAGE:
STORE IN A WELL CLOSED CONTAINER.
Friday, October 3, 2008
HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF SIMPLE SYRUP U.S.P
FORMULA :
- SUCROSE : 25.5 GMS
- DISTILLED WATER : 30 ML
THEORY :
ACCORDING TO U.S.P (UNITED STATES OF PHARMACOPOEIA) SIMPLE SYRUP IS PREPARED AND BASED ON COLD PROCESS BUT REMEMBER I.P(INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA) SIMPLE SYRUP IS BASED ON HOT PROCESS
A syrup is a thick VISCOUS LIQUID containing a large amount of dissolved SUGARS, but showing little tendency to deposit CRYSTALS. The viscosity arises from the multiple HYDROGEN BONDS, between the dissolved sugar, which has many HYDROXYL GROUPS AND THE WATER. Syrup is also employed to denote viscous, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugars in solution. Artificial maple syrup is made with water and an extremely large amount of dissolved sugar. The solution is heated so more sugar can be put in than normally possible. The solution becomes super-saturated. The syrup employed as a base for medicinal purposes consists of a concentrated or saturated solution of refined sugar in distilled water.
PROCEDURE :
TAKE A FILTER MACHINE AND PUT A LARGE AMOUNT OF COTTON IN THE OUTLET OF MACHINE WHERE SOLUTION COMES OUT . INSERT SUCROSE IN A FILTER AND PUT IT OVER A COTTON AND THEN ADD DISTILLED WATER IN THE FILTER. REPEAT THE PROCESS FOR ABOUT ATLEAST 50 TIMES TILL ALL THE SUCROSE DISSOLVED IN DISTILLED WATER AND MAKE A STICKY, THICK AND VISCID LIQUID. AFTER DOING WHOLE PROCESS YOUR SIMPLE SYRUP U.S.P IS PREPARED.
CATEGORY :
PHARMACEUTICAL AID.
USE :
AS A SOLVENT AND SWEETINING AGENT.
STORAGE :
STORE IN A COOL AND DRY PLACE AND ALSO PUT IN AN AIR TIGHT CONTAINER AND PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF AROMATIC ELIXIR U.S.P
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FORMULA :
PURIFIED ALCHOHAL : 7.5 ML
PEPPERMINT OIL : 0.0725 ML
SYRUP : 11.25 ML
TALC (3MgO.4SiO2.H20) : 0.9 ML
THEORY :
An elixir is a pharmaceutical preparation containing an active ingredient (such as MORPHINE ) that is dissolved in a solution that contains some percentage (usually 40-60%) of ETHYL ALCHOHAL and is designed to be taken orally. Elixirs are often made from vodka or grappa.
PROPERTIES :
The official U. S. P. alcohol is a colorless volatile liquid containing about 94.9 per cent, by volume of absolute ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, and 5.1 per cent. by volume of water. It has a characteristic odor and burning taste and is miscible in all proportions with water, ether or chloroform. In addition to alcohol, the U. S. P also describes absolute alcohol, used as a laboratory reagent, etc., and also diluted alcohol (approximately 50 per cent.) used in pharmacy as a menstruum.
PROCEDURE :
FIRST TAKE BEAKER AND POUR 3.5 ML PURIFIED ALCHOHAL AND ADD REQUIRED AMOUNT OF PEPPERMINT OIL AND STIR IT WELL . THEN AFTER THAT ADD 4 ML OF PURIFIED ALCHOHAL AND AGAIN STIRRING. AFTER STIRRING ADD SMALL QUANTITY OF SYRUP AT A TIME IN A BEAKER AND THEN ADD TALC IN IT AND STIR IT WELL THAT THERE ARE NO CRYSTALS ARE LEFT IN THE SOLUTION. AFTER THAT FILTER YOUR SOLUTION BY FILTER PAPER AND PUT IN A MEASURING CYLINDER AND MEASURES 30 ML. AROMATIC ELIXIRS U.S.P ARE PREPARED AND COLLECTED TO BOTTLE.
ACTION AND USES :
: Externally, alcohol is a rubefacient and astringent, and by its evaporation, a refrigerant. It is used to harden and cleanse the skin; as a mild counter-irritant, (soap liniment), etc. In the concentration of 70 per cent, it is markedly antiseptic and is employed in surgery especially as Tincture of Green Soap, to cleanse the skin of patient and operator, internally, it is a narcotic, excessive doses depressing and paralyzing the central nervous system. Small doses produce cuphoria, stimulate respiration, moderately dilate the cutaneous and splanchnic vessels, and modify the circulation. It is burned in the body and thus serves to a restricted extent as a source of energy.
Alcohol is employed as a diffusible stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic and hypnotic. In well-selected cases, especially in patients accustomed to its use, it may be very valuable; otherwise it is apt to do more harm than good. In practice it is usually administered in the form of whisky, brandy, wine or other alcohol-containing beverages. It is generally accepted, however, that the aromatic principles in these several articles are even more toxic than is alcohol itself, and these beverages are therefore more poisonous than equal amounts of alcohol diluted with water.
CATEGORY :
PHARMACEUTICAL AID
USE :
In pharmacy alcohol is used as a solvent and, for administering medicines, is largely used as a vehicle and flavouring agent.
STORAGE :
store in an air tight container and in dry and cool place.