HOW TO PERPARE 30 ML OF BENZYL BENZOATE LOTION U.S.P

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FORMULA:

• 
  
  BENZYL BENZOATE : 7.5 ML


• 
  
  TRIETHANOLAMINE : 0.15 GM


• 
  
  OLEIC ACID : 0.60 GM


• 
  
  PURIFIED WATER : 0.9 GM

THEORY:

LOTIONS ARE USUALLY SOOTHING & ARE APPLIED GENTLY BY DABLING OR AFTER SPREADING ON A DRESSING. THEIR MAIN INGREDIENTS ARE SIMPLE SALTS SUCH AS COPPER, ZINC, SULPHATES & LEAD SUB ACETATE WHICH ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER OR SALICYLIC ACID FOR WHICH ALCHOHAL IS A SOLVENT. LEAD LOTIONS ARE TREATMENT FOR SPRAINS & BRUISHES. OTHER LOTIONS CONTAIN MEDICAMENTS FOR TREATING SKIN CONDITIONS. COPPER & ZINC SULPHATES ARE USED FOR IMPETIGO & SALICYLIC ACID FOR DANDRUFF.

PROCEDURE :

MIX THE TRIETHANOLAMINE WITH OLEIC ACID, ADD BENZYL BENZOATE & MIX & TRANSFER THE MIXTURE TO A SUITABLE CONTAINER TO ABOUT 2000 ML. ADD 250 ML OF PURIFIED WATER & SHAKE THE MIXTURE THOROUGHLY. FINALLY, ADD THE REMAINING PURIFIED WATER.

CATEGORY:

PHARMACEUTICAL AID.

USE:

AS PEDICULICIDE & IN THE TREATMENT OF SCABIES & Use of benzyl benzoate to obtain injection solutions of hormone preparations

STORAGE:

STORE IN A WELL CLOSED CONTAINER.

HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF SIMPLE SYRUP U.S.P

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FORMULA :

• 
  
  SUCROSE : 25.5 GMS


• 
  
  DISTILLED WATER : 30 ML

THEORY :

ACCORDING TO U.S.P (UNITED STATES OF PHARMACOPOEIA) SIMPLE SYRUP IS PREPARED AND BASED ON COLD PROCESS BUT REMEMBER I.P(INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA) SIMPLE SYRUP IS BASED ON HOT PROCESS

A syrup is a thick VISCOUS LIQUID containing a large amount of dissolved SUGARS, but showing little tendency to deposit CRYSTALS. The viscosity arises from the multiple HYDROGEN BONDS, between the dissolved sugar, which has many HYDROXYL GROUPS AND THE WATER. Syrup is also employed to denote viscous, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugars in solution. Artificial maple syrup is made with water and an extremely large amount of dissolved sugar. The solution is heated so more sugar can be put in than normally possible. The solution becomes super-saturated. The syrup employed as a base for medicinal purposes consists of a concentrated or saturated solution of refined sugar in distilled water.

PROCEDURE :

TAKE A FILTER MACHINE AND PUT A LARGE AMOUNT OF COTTON IN THE OUTLET OF MACHINE WHERE SOLUTION COMES OUT . INSERT SUCROSE IN A FILTER AND PUT IT OVER A COTTON AND THEN ADD DISTILLED WATER IN THE FILTER. REPEAT THE PROCESS FOR ABOUT ATLEAST 50 TIMES TILL ALL THE SUCROSE DISSOLVED IN DISTILLED WATER AND MAKE A STICKY, THICK AND VISCID LIQUID. AFTER DOING WHOLE PROCESS YOUR SIMPLE SYRUP U.S.P IS PREPARED.

CATEGORY :

PHARMACEUTICAL AID.

USE :

AS A SOLVENT AND SWEETINING AGENT.

STORAGE :

STORE IN A COOL AND DRY PLACE AND ALSO PUT IN AN AIR TIGHT CONTAINER AND PROTECT FROM LIGHT.

HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF AROMATIC ELIXIR U.S.P

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FORMULA :

PURIFIED ALCHOHAL : 7.5 ML

PEPPERMINT OIL : 0.0725 ML

• 
  SYRUP : 11.25 ML
  


• 
  TALC (3MgO.4SiO2.H20) : 0.9 ML
  

THEORY :

An elixir is a pharmaceutical preparation containing an active ingredient (such as MORPHINE ) that is dissolved in a solution that contains some percentage (usually 40-60%) of ETHYL ALCHOHAL and is designed to be taken orally. Elixirs are often made from vodka or grappa.

PROPERTIES :

The official U. S. P. alcohol is a colorless volatile liquid containing about 94.9 per cent, by volume of absolute ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, and 5.1 per cent. by volume of water. It has a characteristic odor and burning taste and is miscible in all proportions with water, ether or chloroform. In addition to alcohol, the U. S. P also describes absolute alcohol, used as a laboratory reagent, etc., and also diluted alcohol (approximately 50 per cent.) used in pharmacy as a menstruum.

PROCEDURE :

FIRST TAKE BEAKER AND POUR 3.5 ML PURIFIED ALCHOHAL AND ADD REQUIRED AMOUNT OF PEPPERMINT OIL AND STIR IT WELL . THEN AFTER THAT ADD 4 ML OF PURIFIED ALCHOHAL AND AGAIN STIRRING. AFTER STIRRING ADD SMALL QUANTITY OF SYRUP AT A TIME IN A BEAKER AND THEN ADD TALC IN IT AND STIR IT WELL THAT THERE ARE NO CRYSTALS ARE LEFT IN THE SOLUTION. AFTER THAT FILTER YOUR SOLUTION BY FILTER PAPER AND PUT IN A MEASURING CYLINDER AND MEASURES 30 ML. AROMATIC ELIXIRS U.S.P ARE PREPARED AND COLLECTED TO BOTTLE.

ACTION AND USES :

: Externally, alcohol is a rubefacient and astringent, and by its evaporation, a refrigerant. It is used to harden and cleanse the skin; as a mild counter-irritant, (soap liniment), etc. In the concentration of 70 per cent, it is markedly antiseptic and is employed in surgery especially as Tincture of Green Soap, to cleanse the skin of patient and operator, internally, it is a narcotic, excessive doses depressing and paralyzing the central nervous system. Small doses produce cuphoria, stimulate respiration, moderately dilate the cutaneous and splanchnic vessels, and modify the circulation. It is burned in the body and thus serves to a restricted extent as a source of energy.

Alcohol is employed as a diffusible stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic and hypnotic. In well-selected cases, especially in patients accustomed to its use, it may be very valuable; otherwise it is apt to do more harm than good. In practice it is usually administered in the form of whisky, brandy, wine or other alcohol-containing beverages. It is generally accepted, however, that the aromatic principles in these several articles are even more toxic than is alcohol itself, and these beverages are therefore more poisonous than equal amounts of alcohol diluted with water.

CATEGORY :

PHARMACEUTICAL AID

USE :

In pharmacy alcohol is used as a solvent and, for administering medicines, is largely used as a vehicle and flavouring agent.

STORAGE :

store in an air tight container and in dry and cool place.

HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF AROMATIC ELIXIR U.S.P

HOW TO PREPARE 30 GRAMS OF SIMPLE SYRUP

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FORMULA :





SUCROSE : 20.01 GRAMS.


DISTILLED WATER : 22.00 ML.





THEORY :





A SYRUP is a thick, VISCOUS LIQUID, containing a large amount of dissolved SUGARS, but showing little tendency to deposit CRYSTALS. The viscosity arises from the multiple HYDROGEN BONDS between the dissolved sugar, which has many HYDROXYL (OH) groups, and the WATER. Technically and scientifically, the term syrup is also employed to denote viscous, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugars in solution. Artificial maple syrup is made with water and an extremely large amount of dissolved sugar. The solution is heated so more sugar can be put in than normally possible. The solution becomes super-saturated.





FLAVOURED SYRUP is prepared by adding certain quantities of ORANGE FLAVOURING and CINNAMON water to simple syrup. Similarly, medicated syrups are prepared by adding medicaments to, or dissolving them in, the simple syrup.





PROCEDURE :





FIRST TAKE A BOROSIL BEAKER AND INSERT WHITE POWDERY SUCROSE SOLUTION AND ADD DISTILLED WATER IN IT GENTLY. HEAT IT ABOUT 30 - 35 MINUTES. AFTER HEATING ABOUT 30 - 35 MINUTES YOUR SUGAR SYRUP OR SIMPLE SYRUP IS READY AND PREPARED. SUGAR SYRUP FEELS STICKY WHEN TOUCHING AND IS BROWN IN COLOUR.





USE :





IT IS ONLY USED AS A SWEETING AGENT.

HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF AMMONIUM ACETATE SOLUTION

FORMULA :

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• 
  
  GLACIAL ACETIC ACID : 13.59 GRAMS.


• 
  
  AMMONIUM BICARBONATE : 14.10 GRAMS.


• 
  
  STRONG SOLUTION OF AMMONIA : 3.00 ML.


• 
  
  DISTILLED WATER : 30.00 ML.

THEORY :

a solution is a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a SOLVENT. A common example is a SOLID, such as SALT or SUGAR, dissolved in WATER, a LIQUID. GASES may DISSOLVE in liquids, for example, CARBON DIOXIDE or OXYGEN in water. Liquids may dissolve in other liquids. Gases can combine with other gases to form mixtures, rather than solutions. All solutions are characterized by interactions between the solvent phase and solute molecules or ions that result in a net decrease in free energy. Under such a definition, gases typically cannot function as solvents, since in the gas phase interactions between molecules are minimal due to the large distances between the molecules. This lack of interaction is the reason gases can expand freely and the presence of these interactions is the reason liquids do not expand.Solutions should be distinguished from non-homogeneous mixtures such as COLLOIDS and SUSPENSIONS.

PROCEDURE :

FIRST TAKE THE DISTILLED WATER IN A BOROSIL BEAKER AND THEN POUR GLACIAL ACETIC ACID IN IT AND MIX IT WELL. AFTER MIXING WELL INSERT AMMONIUM BICARBONATE GENTLY. AFTER MIXING THE SOLUTION WILL APPEAR COOL AND FEEL COOL WHEN TOUCHING LOWER PORTION OF BEAKER. WHEN AMMONIUM BICARBONATE CRYSTALS ARE DISSOLVED COMPLETELY IN THE SOLUTION THEN ADD STRONG SOLUTION OF AMMONIA DROP BY DROP. AFTER DOING ENTIRE PROCESS YOUR SOLUTION WILL BE READY.

HAZARDS :

MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. MAY BE HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED.

HANDLING AND STORAGE :

Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage. Isolate from incompatible substances. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

USE :

Laboratory Reagent.

HOW TO PREPARE 30 ML OF LYSOL SOLUTION

FORMULA:

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• POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE : 1.26 GRAMS.


• 
  
  DISTLLED WATER : 7.50 ML.


• 
  
  VEGETABLE OIL : 5.90 GRAMS.


• 
  
  ORTHO- CRESOL : 15.00 ML.

THEORY:

Disinfectants are ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS that are applied to non-living objects to destroy MICROORGANISMS, the process of which is known as disinfection.Disinfectants should generally be distinguished from ANTIBIOTICS that destro MICROORGANISMS within the body, and from ANTISEPTICS, which destroy microorganisms on living TISSUE. Sanitizers are substances that reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level.One official and legal version states that a sanitizer must be capable of killing 99.999%, known as a 5 log reduction, of a specific bacterial test population, and to do so within 30 seconds. The main difference between a sanitizer and a disinfectant is that at a specified use dilution, the disinfectant must have a higher kill capability for pathogenic bacteria compared to that of a sanitizer. Very few disinfectants and sanitizers can STERILIZE (the complete elimination of all microorganisms), and those that can depend entirely on their mode of application. Bacterial ENDOSPORES are most resistant to disinfectants, however some viruses and bacteria also possess some tolerance.

PROCEDURE:

FIRST TAKE A BOROSIL GLASS MADE BEAKER AND INSERT POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AND ALSO POUR DISTILLED WATER AND MIX IT WELL SO THAT NO CRYSTALS WILL BE SEEN IN SOLUTION. NOW, HEAT THE MIXTURE,AFTER HEATING ABOUT 7 - 8 MINUTES POUR VEGETABLE OIL IN IT AND AGAIN HEAT, WHEN VEGETABLE OIL MIXED IT COMPLETELY IN THE SOLUTION THEN POUR FADE RED COLOURED SOLUTION WHICH IS CALLED ORTHO- CRESOL POURED IN IT AND THEN HEAT GENTLY. AFTER HEATING ABOUT 14- 15 MINUTES NOW YOUR DISINFECTANT NAMED LYSOL WILL BE READY TO USE.

USES :

IT ACT AS DISINFECTANT AND IT IS APPLIED ONLY IN AN INANIMATE OBJECTS, IT IS HIGHLY POISONOUS TO CONSUME . IT IS ONLY FOR EXTRENAL USE.

IT IS USED IN HOSPITALS FOR FLOOR CLEANING AND IN HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES.